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<channel>
	<title>Pontificus &#187; Unemployment</title>
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	<description>Pondering the past, present and future...</description>
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		<title>See You in November&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2010/03/see-you-in-november/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2010/03/see-you-in-november/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 06:38:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2010 Elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Broken Campaign Promises]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Budget Deficit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Censorship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constitution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government Incompetency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Healthcare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama Lies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video Clips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Campaign Promises]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Congress]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Government takeover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gun Control]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Kick The Bumbs Out]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pelosi]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[See You In November]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taxes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=504</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A musical break&#8230;1



Hosted on LiveLeak &#8617;


&#169; 2010, Pontificus. All rights reserved. 
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A musical break&#8230;<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-504-1' id='fnref-504-1'>1</a></sup></p>
<p><div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 580px"><object width="570" height="363"><param name="movie" value="http://www.liveleak.com/e/7de_1269890716"></param><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></param><embed src="http://www.liveleak.com/e/7de_1269890716" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="570" height="363"></embed></object><p class="wp-caption-text">See You in November...</p></div>
<div class='footnotes'>
<div class='footnotedivider'></div>
<ol style='margin: 0 0 0 20px;'>
<li id='fn-504-1'><a href="http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=7de_1269890716" target="_blank">Hosted on LiveLeak</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-504-1'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='text-align:left; margin: 0'>&copy; 2010, <a href='http://pontificus.com'>Pontificus</a>. All rights reserved. </p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Democrats Respond To Brown Election By Getting Ready To Spend $1,900,000,000,000</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2010/01/democrats-respond-to-brown-election-by-getting-ready-to-spend-1900000000000/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2010/01/democrats-respond-to-brown-election-by-getting-ready-to-spend-1900000000000/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 19:59:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2010 Elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Budget Deficit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Campaign Promises]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government takeover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Healthcare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pelosi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=479</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the sea of self-righteous proclamations by Democrats in Congress to wait for the new Republican Senator from Massachusetts before engaging in further healthcare debate, the same induhviduals have carefully neglected to discuss the real elephant in the room. Namely the national debt.
The reason is now obvious. Harry Reid and company clearly wanted to pass [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_480" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 210px"><a href="http://libertypropaganda.com/" target="_blank"><img class="  " title="Spending your way to debt bondage" src="http://pontificus.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ocfront1-copy-200.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="126" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Spending your way to debt bondage</p></div>
<p>In the sea of self-righteous proclamations by Democrats in Congress to wait for the new Republican Senator from Massachusetts before engaging in further healthcare debate, the same induhviduals have carefully neglected to discuss the real elephant in the room. Namely the national debt.</p>
<p>The reason is now obvious. Harry Reid and company clearly wanted to pass the biggest increase in the national debt ever, and saying that they would wait for Brown on such a key issue would have made them liars.</p>
<p>So there it goes, a $1.9 TRILLION dollar addition to the national debt, care of the Democrat Senate.<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-479-1' id='fnref-479-1'>1</a></sup> The vote was on party lines, 60-40, and would have failed had Reid waited another few days.</p>
<p>To put this number in perspective, it represents about 53% of the 2010 federal budget, as submitted by the biggest spender ever to occupy the White House. It also increases the national debt by a whopping 15%, the biggest percentage ever, in addition to by far the biggest absolute value ever. And it increases the direct national debt to $45,000 for every American man, woman and child.</p>
<p>This vote by the Democrat controlled Senate shows that Democrats with Harry Reid at the helm take issue with Brown, who might have taken away their credit card and impacted their freespending habits. Should the Democrat controlled House concur that the credit card limit should be raised by this whopper, the Democrats lead by Reid, Pelosi and Obama will be free to spend their way into the worst possible future for the American people. Namely debt bondage.<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-479-2' id='fnref-479-2'>2</a></sup>
<div class='footnotes'>
<div class='footnotedivider'></div>
<ol style='margin: 0 0 0 20px;'>
<li id='fn-479-1'><a href="http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9DGSHEO0&amp;show_article=1" target="_blank">Read the sad facts here on Breitbart.</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-479-1'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-479-2'><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage" target="_blank">Wackypedia on debt bondage.</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-479-2'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='text-align:left; margin: 0'>&copy; 2010, <a href='http://pontificus.com'>Pontificus</a>. All rights reserved. </p>
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		<title>Coakley &#8212; A Win Win Fall Gal Strategy for Obama?</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2010/01/coakley-a-win-win-fall-gal-strategy-for-obama/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2010/01/coakley-a-win-win-fall-gal-strategy-for-obama/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:43:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2010 Elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Climate Change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coakley]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Healthcare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Massachusetts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taxes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=478</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Analyzing the stunning victory for the Republicans in Massachusetts, one of the most liberal states in the Union, one comes away with various theories on what might have been playing out behind the scenes. Here&#8217;s one of those theories for your enjoyment.

Let&#8217;s pretend that we are a narcissistic1 politician occupying the White House, and our [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 210px"><a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2009/12/08/2009-12-08_new_blood_primed_to_take_kennedys_senate_seat.html" target="_blank"><img class="  " title="Obama's Fall Gal?" src="http://assets.nydailynews.com/img/2009/12/09/alg_attorney_general_coakley.jpg" alt="" width="200" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Obama&#39;s Fall Gal?</p></div>
<p>Analyzing the stunning victory for the Republicans in Massachusetts, one of the most liberal states in the Union, one comes away with various theories on what might have been playing out behind the scenes. Here&#8217;s one of those theories for your enjoyment.<br />
<span id="more-478"></span><br />
Let&#8217;s pretend that we are a narcissistic<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-478-1' id='fnref-478-1'>1</a></sup> politician occupying the White House, and our only goal is to ensure re-election for a second term. Would it matter if our radical policies pass? Of course not. What matters is that enough people believe that we can bring Hope and Change™ and that problems are caused by the evil opposing party.</p>
<p>In that scenario, how would we approach a key Senate election in a traditionally radically Democratic state?</p>
<p>Easy. Act as if a Coakley victory is a done deal.</p>
<p>If it is, we continue to look like the Messiah™ that some would like us to be, and we can keep our policies going at full speed as before.</p>
<p>If it isn&#8217;t, it&#8217;s a blessing in disguise, as it provides a convenient explanation for the failure of our radical policies for healthcare, the economy, taxes and the environment. This guarantees that there will be a good load of warm steaming Hope and Change™ available when it comes time for our next re-election.</p>
<p>How likely is it that Obama pursued such a cynical<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-478-2' id='fnref-478-2'>2</a></sup> win-win strategy? You decide.
<div class='footnotes'>
<div class='footnotedivider'></div>
<ol style='margin: 0 0 0 20px;'>
<li id='fn-478-1'>(an unfair swipe) For the graduates of the Illinois, California and New York public school systems, this means <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/narcissistic" target="_blank">1: egoism, egocentrism, 2: love of or sexual desire for one&#8217;s own body</a> (/an unfair swipe) <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-478-1'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-478-2'><a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cynical" target="_blank">http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cynical</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-478-2'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='text-align:left; margin: 0'>&copy; 2010, <a href='http://pontificus.com'>Pontificus</a>. All rights reserved. </p>
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		<item>
		<title>This One Sums It Up Pretty Well</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/this-one-sums-it-up-pretty-well/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/this-one-sums-it-up-pretty-well/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 00:31:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Budget Deficit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Healthcare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government inefficiency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government takeover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicaid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=245</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obamacare

 The Efficiency of the Postal Service
The Sustainability of Social Security
and all the Compassion of the IRS

(No further comment)
&#169; 2009, Pontificus. All rights reserved. 
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 275px"><a href="http://imaksim.com/component/content/article/35-agitprop/91-screwed.html" target="_blank"><img class=" " title="What Obamacare Means For You" src="http://imaksim.com/images/screwed_442_01.jpg" alt="What Obamacare Means For You" width="265" height="420" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">What Obamacare Means For You</p></div>
<h2>Obamacare</h2>
<ul>
<li> The Efficiency of the Postal Service</li>
<li>The Sustainability of Social Security</li>
<li>and all the Compassion of the IRS</li>
</ul>
<p>(No further comment)</p>
<p style='text-align:left; margin: 0'>&copy; 2009, <a href='http://pontificus.com'>Pontificus</a>. All rights reserved. </p>
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		<title>The California Bankruptcy Experiment</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/the-california-bankruptcy-experiment/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/the-california-bankruptcy-experiment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 19:37:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Budget Deficit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Entitlement Programs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government inefficiency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=222</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Golden State hasn&#8217;t been that golden in a long while. Year after year the state seems to move from one budget crisis to the next. From one massive budget shortfall to another just as big or bigger. If political speeches promising a better future had any worth, the state would be platinum by now.
The [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_231" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 230px"><a href="http://www.nevadadevelopment.org/media_notaxes2.html" target="_blank"><img class="size-full wp-image-231" title="Nevada Development Authority" src="http://pontificus.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/09_campaign_2_thumb.jpg" alt="Nevada Development Authority" width="220" height="143" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Nevada Development Authority</p></div>
<p>The Golden State hasn&#8217;t been that golden in a long while. Year after year the state seems to move from one budget crisis to the next. From one massive budget shortfall to another just as big or bigger. If political speeches promising a better future had any worth, the state would be platinum by now.</p>
<p>The experience that California is going through can be very helpful to the rest of the nation.</p>
<p><span id="more-222"></span></p>
<p>If we were to look at what the state has done to avoid technical default, it would be an amazingly long list, just to name a few:</p>
<ol>
<li>Defer payments to its creditors;</li>
<li>Front-load tax payment obligations from its residents;</li>
<li>Short term furloughs;</li>
<li>Pile on more debt;</li>
<li>Reduce services; and</li>
<li>Increase already high taxes on its residents.</li>
</ol>
<p>To someone who has not followed the events more closely these maneuverings might give the impression that the state is addressing its budget problems. However the reality remains that if it were not a state it would have been in actual bankruptcy years ago.</p>
<p>One might conclude that California has done all it can, and that all the state needs to do is weather the current economic storm so that it can look forward to a bright future again.</p>
<p>But such a conclusion would be wrong on two accounts.</p>
<p>First, the state has bit by bit destroyed the business environment that made it the birthplace of many high technology industry giants, and the laboratory in which many of the things we take for granted today were invented. A few such examples are the mouse (Stanford), the graphical user interface (Xerox), the modern hard drive (IBM), and Ethernet (Xerox).<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-222-1' id='fnref-222-1'>1</a></sup></p>
<p>Second, California continues to avoid doing the one thing it should have done years ago: cut its programs that are bankrupting it. <strong>After adjusting for inflation and population California has increased its state spending per capita by 38% in the past 10 years.</strong><sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-222-2' id='fnref-222-2'>2</a></sup></p>
<p>Even though the answer is staring every Californian right in the face, the state imposed yet another round of gimmicks, short term accounting adjustments and more debt to make it through the 2009-2010 budget year that was almost $25 billion short (about 22%). Now as the 2010-2011 budget year is getting closer, it seems that another $14 billion deficit needs lipstick.<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-222-3' id='fnref-222-3'>3</a></sup></p>
<p>It&#8217;s not difficult to figure out where to look for real solutions to these problems. To start, here are a few good ideas by Craig Westover at the Minnesota Free Market Institute. While Mr. Westover makes the proposals for Minnesota, they apply equally to California:<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-222-4' id='fnref-222-4'>4</a></sup></p>
<ol>
<li>Reform the state tax system;</li>
<li>Cut state spending;</li>
<li>Limit state regulatory activity;</li>
<li>Reform tort law; and</li>
<li>Reform the relationship of state and local government.</li>
</ol>
<p>Should California fail to address the root of its budget problems, then the rest of the country will get to observe the Great California Bankruptcy Experiment and hopefully learn what <span style="text-decoration: underline;">not</span> to do.
<div class='footnotes'>
<div class='footnotedivider'></div>
<ol style='margin: 0 0 0 20px;'>
<li id='fn-222-1'>We could probably write a book describing the many things California has done to poison the business environment; some of these things small, some large, but the end result is that the state is no longer a true competitor on the global scene. <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-222-1'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-222-2'><a href="http://emergentfool.com/2009/05/19/disgusted-with-the-california-budget/" target="_blank">Disgusted with the California Budget</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-222-2'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-222-3'><a href="http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&amp;id=711" target="_blank">Recession Continues to Batter State Budgets; State Responses Could Slow Recovery</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-222-3'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-222-4'><a href="http://bfc.ashinstitute.harvard.edu/columns/?id=37" target="_blank">The 5 Reforms Minnesota Should Do Right Now</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-222-4'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='text-align:left; margin: 0'>&copy; 2009, <a href='http://pontificus.com'>Pontificus</a>. All rights reserved. </p>
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		<item>
		<title>That Climate Change Thing&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/that-climate-change-thing/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/that-climate-change-thing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 18:05:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate Change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global Warming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government takeover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Economy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=166</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Climate Change (formerly known as Global Warming) isn&#8217;t quite done in the political arena yet.
One would think that the the global warming predictions &#8212; and the so-called models they are based on &#8212; were sufficiently busted through actual observations of the weather and solid science1 that there would be no further discussion of laws relying [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.NoCapAndTrade.com/" target="_blank"><img class="alignleft" style="border: 0pt none; margin: 10px;" src="http://www.nocapandtrade.com/images/NoCapAndTradeSmallSticker.jpg" border="0" alt="" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" height="208" /></a>Climate Change (formerly known as Global Warming) isn&#8217;t quite done in the political arena yet.</p>
<p>One would think that the the global warming predictions &#8212; and the so-called models they are based on &#8212; were sufficiently busted through actual observations of the weather and solid science<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-166-1' id='fnref-166-1'>1</a></sup> that there would be no further discussion of laws relying on them. But things aren&#8217;t so simple when money becomes part of the discussion.</p>
<p>We could still see Cap and Tax (called Cap and Trade by some) enacted, and create yet another job and economy killer for the United States. <a href="http://www.nocapandtrade.com" target="_blank">Visit NoCapAndTrade.com for details</a>.
<div class='footnotes'>
<div class='footnotedivider'></div>
<ol style='margin: 0 0 0 20px;'>
<li id='fn-166-1'><a href="http://anhonestclimatedebate.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/facts-debunk-global-warming-alarmism/" target="_blank">Facts debunk global warming alarmism</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-166-1'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='text-align:left; margin: 0'>&copy; 2009, <a href='http://pontificus.com'>Pontificus</a>. All rights reserved. </p>
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		<title>What is unemployment, really?</title>
		<link>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/what-is-unemployment-really/</link>
		<comments>http://pontificus.com/2009/11/what-is-unemployment-really/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 16:36:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>pontificus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bureau of Labor Statistics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U-3]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U-6]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pontificus.com/?p=63</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It would seem to anyone briefly touching on the topic of unemployment, that the very definition of unemployment is simple: anyone looking for work but not finding it. Right?
Not so fast. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has many methods for computing unemployment, only one of which is presented as the official unemployment rate.
Further, independent [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It would seem to anyone briefly touching on the topic of unemployment, that the very definition of unemployment is simple: <em>anyone looking for work but not finding it</em>. Right?</p>
<p>Not so fast. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has many methods for computing unemployment, only one of which is presented as the official unemployment rate.</p>
<p>Further, independent third parties provide their own computations for unemployment rates as they would be performed in other countries, or using methodology BLS applied in the past, but has since changed.</p>
<p><span id="more-63"></span></p>
<p>The BLS definition for unemployment is actually relatively simple:</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Persons are classified as unemployed if they do not have a job, have actively looked for work in the prior 4 weeks, and are currently available for work.</em><sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-63-1' id='fnref-63-1'>1</a></sup></p>
</blockquote>
<p>This main definition leaves out long term unemployed, &#8220;discouraged workers&#8221;, and others who have not found work for some time.<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-63-2' id='fnref-63-2'>2</a></sup> These &#8220;marginally attached workers&#8221; increase the pool of the unemployed significantly, and are tracked by the BLS as the U-6 measure.<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-63-3' id='fnref-63-3'>3</a></sup></p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://www.shadowstats.com/" target="_blank"><img title="Unemployment rates (from shadowstats.com)" src="http://www.shadowstats.com/imgs/sgs-emp.gif" alt="Unemployment rates (from shadowstats.com)" width="500" height="320" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Unemployment rates (from shadowstats.com)</p></div>
<p>As can be seen from this chart provided by <a href="http://shadowstats.com" target="_blank">shadowstats.com</a>, the U-6 measure is significantly higher than the &#8220;official&#8221; U-3. (Shadowstats also computes their own &#8220;SGS Alternate&#8221; unemployment rate, which merits a discussion of its own.)</p>
<p>The takeaways from this are straight forward:</p>
<ol>
<li>Unemployment rate as officially published (as the BLS U-3) is a relatively narrow measure,</li>
<li>The BLS U-6 measure is more accurate in defining the proportion of the work force that is idle, and</li>
<li>There are additional methods for estimating the unemployment rate that provide even higher results.</li>
</ol>
<p>To tip off some future topics, it&#8217;s interesting to note that the U-3 and U-6 measures appear to show a dip in mid-2009, followed by continued rapid increase in unemployment&#8230;
<div class='footnotes'>
<div class='footnotedivider'></div>
<ol style='margin: 0 0 0 20px;'>
<li id='fn-63-1'><a href="http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps_htgm.htm#unemployed" target="_blank">BLS unemployed definition of U-3</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-63-1'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-63-2'><a href="http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps_htgm.htm#nilf" target="_blank">BLS exclusions from labor force</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-63-2'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
<li id='fn-63-3'><a href="http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t12.htm" target="_blank">BLS Table A-12: Alternative measures of labor utilization</a> <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-63-3'>&#8617;</a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
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